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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Education and Psychology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Education and Psychology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Education and Psychology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2658-4034</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3563</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Science and Innovation Center Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">438054</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12731/2658-4034-2026-17-2-1126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">THGBLS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Russian School: Issues in Pedagogy and Psychology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Российская школа: проблемы педагогики и психологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Parent-child relationships in senior school age: diagnosis and psychological and pedagogical conditions for optimization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Детско-родительские отношения в старшем школьном возрасте: диагностика и психолого-педагогические условия оптимизации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-9071</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57211669771</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GWC-0075-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8815-7392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dekina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Декина</surname><given-names>Елена Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Россия</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры психологии и педагогики</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy</p> <p> </p></bio><email>kmppedagogika@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-449X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56285357600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-5300-2013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалагинова</surname><given-names>Ксения Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalaginova</surname><given-names>Ksenia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Россия</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры психологии и педагогики</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy</p> <p> </p></bio><email>shalaginvaksenija99@yandex.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тульский государственный педагогический университет им. Л.Н. Толстого</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tula State Pedagogical University named after L.N. Tolstoy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-17"><day>17</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Dekina E.V., Shalaginova K.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Декина Е.В., Шалагинова К.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dekina E.V., Shalaginova K.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Декина Е.В., Шалагинова К.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-4034/article/view/438054">https://journals.rcsi.science/2658-4034/article/view/438054</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold><bold>. </bold>Optimizing relationships between parents and senior school-age children facilitates informed career choices and significantly improves family communication and mutual understanding. Identifying psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to improving parent-child relationships, as well as developing substantive aspects and effective methods for their further development, is crucial. The results of this study and the developed program for optimizing parent-child relationships can be successfully applied by classroom teachers and educational psychologists in their professional activities.</p> <p><bold>Purpose</bold>. To study the characteristics of parent-child relationships in senior school age, to identify and substantiate psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to their optimization.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Research methods: literature analysis and synthesis, testing, pedagogical experiment, and data processing methods. The article is based on a range of sources presented in periodicals.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold>. The authors examine parent-child relationships in the context of high school student education and development, as well as the age-related psychological characteristics of modern students. Most high school students demonstrate an average level of satisfaction with their parent-child relationships. Inconsistency in parenting, with decisions and choices changing depending on the situation, was identified. The program for optimizing parent-child relationships includes working not only with students experiencing difficulties with their parents but also with their parents. Students are offered classes with training elements, business and role-playing games, case studies, and more, while parents are offered thematic parent-teacher meetings and seminars. The program includes a joint student-parent event with master classes – a family art café. The implementation of the formative program contributed to increased emotional closeness and mutual understanding in families, increased parental interest in parenting issues, effective collaboration with children, a decrease in authoritarianism and directiveness from parents, and the emergence of consistency in parenting.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Оптимизация отношений родителей и детей старшего школьного возраста способствует осознанному выбору профессии, существенно повышает уровень внутрисемейного общения и взаимопонимания. Актуальным является выявление психолого-педагогических условий, способствующих улучшению детско-родительских отношений, а также разработка содержательных аспектов и эффективных методов их дальнейшего развития. Результаты проведенного исследования и разработанная программа оптимизации детско-родительских отношений могут успешно применяться классными руководителями, педагогами-психологами в своей профессиональной деятельности.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – изучить особенности детско-родительских отношений в старшем школьном возрасте, выявить и обосновать психолого-педагогические условия, способствующие их оптимизации.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Методы исследования: анализ и синтез литературы, тестирование, педагогический эксперимент, методы обработки данных. Статья базируется на комплексе источников, представленных периодикой.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Авторами детско-родительские отношения рассматриваются в контексте обучения и развития старшеклассников, возрастно-психологических особенностей современных учащихся. Большинство старшеклассников демонстрируют средний уровень удовлетворенности детско-родительскими отношениями. Выявлена непоследовательность в воспитании детей, смена решений и выборов в зависимости от ситуаций. Программа оптимизации детско-родительских отношений включает не только работу с учащимися, испытывающими трудности в отношениях с родителями, но и с их родителями. Для учащихся предлагаются занятия с элементами тренинга, деловая и ролевая игра, анализ кейсов и др., для родителей – тематическое родительское собрание, семинар. Программа предусматривает совместное мероприятие учащихся и родителей с мастер-классами – семейное арт-кафе. Реализация формирующей программы способствовала повышению уровня эмоциональной близости и взаимопонимания в семьях, росту интереса родителей к вопросам воспитания, эффективного сотрудничества с детьми, снижению авторитарности и директивности родителей, появлению последовательности в родительской позиции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>senior school age</kwd><kwd>educational and professional activities</kwd><kwd>parent-child relationships</kwd><kwd>psychological climate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>старший школьный возраст</kwd><kwd>учебно-профессиональная деятельность</kwd><kwd>детско-родительские отношения</kwd><kwd>психологический климат</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varga, A. Ya. (2015). Introduction to Systemic Family Psychotherapy. 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